Treas. Reg. § 1.430(h)(3)-1

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Mortality tables used to determine present value.

eCFR editorial change effective 2017-10-05 · superseded Oct 20, 2023 · last amended by T.D. 9826, 82 FR 46398, Oct. 5, 2017

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(a) Basis for mortality tables

(1) In general. Pursuant to section 430(h)(3)(A), this section provides generally applicable mortality tables that are used to determine present value for purposes of section 430, and rules regarding the use of those mortality tables. Either the generational mortality tables under paragraph (a)(2) of this section or the static mortality tables under paragraph (a)(3) of this section may be used for a plan. In lieu of using the mortality tables provided under this section, 77plan-specific substitute mortality tables may be used pursuant to section 430(h)(3)(C), provided that the requirements of § 1.430(h)(3)-2 are satisfied. Mortality tables that may be used with respect to disabled individuals are provided in guidance published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin. See § 601.601(d)(2)(ii)(b) of this chapter.

(2) Generational mortality tables

(i) In general

(A) Use of generational mortality tables. The generational mortality tables that are permitted to be used under section 430(h)(3)(A) and paragraph (a)(1) of this section are determined using the base mortality tables described in paragraph (a)(2)(i)(B) of this section and the mortality improvement rates described in paragraph (a)(2)(i)(C) of this section.

(B) Base mortality tables. The base mortality tables are set forth in paragraph (d) of this section. The base year for those tables is 2006.

(C) Mortality improvement rates. The mortality improvement rates for valuation dates occurring during 2018 are the mortality improvement rates contained in the Mortality Improvement Scale MP-2016 Report (issued by the Retirement Plans Experience Committee (RPEC) of the Society of Actuaries and available at www.soa.org/Research/Experience-Study/Pension/research-2016-mp.aspx). For later years, updated mortality improvement rates that take into account new data for mortality improvement trends of the general population will be provided in guidance published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin. See § 601.601(d)(2)(ii)(b) of this chapter.

(D) Application of mortality improvement rates. Under the generational mortality tables described in this paragraph (a)(2), the probability of an individual's death at a particular age in the future is determined as the individual's base mortality rate that applies at that age (that is, the applicable mortality rate from the table set forth in paragraph (d) of this section for that age, gender, and status as an annuitant or a nonannuitant) multiplied by the cumulative mortality improvement factor for the individual's gender and for that age for the period from 2006 through the calendar year in which the individual is projected to reach the particular age. Paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section shows how the base mortality tables in paragraph (d) of this section and the mortality improvement rates for valuation dates occurring during 2018 are combined to determine projected mortality rates.

(E) Cumulative mortality improvement factor. The cumulative mortality improvement factor for an age and gender for a period is the product of the annual mortality improvement factors for that age and gender for each year within that period.

(F) Annual mortality improvement factor. The annual mortality improvement factor for an age and gender for a year is 1 minus the mortality improvement rate that applies for that age and gender for that year.

(ii) Example of calculation

(A) Calculation of mortality rate. The mortality rate for 2018 that is applied to male annuitants who are age 66 in 2018 is equal to the product of the mortality rate for 2006 that applied to male annuitants who were age 66 in 2006 (0.013855) and the cumulative mortality improvement factor for age 66 males from 2006 to 2018. The cumulative mortality improvement factor for age 66 males for the period from 2006 to 2018 is 0.8929, and the mortality rate for 2018 for male annuitants who are age 66 in that year would be 0.012371, as shown in the following table.

Calendar year	Scale MP-2016 mortality improvement rate	Annual mortality improvement factor (1- scale MP-2016 rate)	Cumulative mortality improvement factor	Mortality rate
2006	n/a	n/a	n/a	0.013855
2007	0.0237	0.9763	0.9763
2008	0.0211	0.9789	0.9557
2009	0.0180	0.9820	0.9385
2010	0.0142	0.9858	0.9252
2011	0.0099	0.9901	0.9160
2012	0.0053	0.9947	0.9112
2013	0.0043	0.9957	0.9072
2014	0.0035	0.9965	0.9041
2015	0.0030	0.9970	0.9014
2016	0.0028	0.9972	0.8988
2017	0.0030	0.9970	0.8961
2018	0.0036	0.9964	0.8929	0.012371

(B) Probability of survival for an individual. After the projected mortality rates are derived for each age for each year, the rates are used to calculate the present value of a benefit stream that depends on the probability of survival year-by-year. For example, for purposes of calculating the present value (for a 2018 valuation date) of future payments in a benefit stream payable for a male annuitant who is age 66 in 2018, the probability of survival for the annuitant is based on the mortality rate for a male annuitant who is age 66 in 2018 (0.012371), and the projected mortality rate for a male annuitant who will be age 67 in 2019 (0.013302), age 68 in 2020 (0.014321), and so on.

(3) Static mortality tables. The static mortality tables that are permitted to be used under section 430(h)(3)(A) and paragraph (a)(1) of this section are updated annually by the IRS according to the methodology described in paragraph (c)(2) of this section. Paragraph (e) of this section sets forth static tables that are permitted to be used for valuation dates in 2018. For valuation dates in later years, static mortality tables will be provided in guidance published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin. See § 601.601(d)(2)(ii)(b) of this chapter.

(b) Use of the tables

(1) Separate tables for annuitants and nonannuitants

(i) In general. Separate tables are provided for use for annuitants and nonannuitants. The nonannuitant mortality table is applied to determine the probability of survival for a nonannuitant for the period before the nonannuitant is projected to commence receiving benefits. The annuitant mortality table is applied to determine the present value of benefits for each annuitant. In addition, the annuitant mortality table is applied for each nonannuitant with respect to each assumed commencement of benefits for the period beginning with that assumed commencement. For purposes of this section, an annuitant means a plan participant who has commenced receiving benefits, and a nonannuitant means a plan participant who has not yet commenced receiving benefits (for example, an active employee or a terminated vested participant). A participant whose benefit has partially commenced is treated as an annuitant with respect to the portion of the benefit that has commenced and treated as a nonannuitant with respect to the balance of the benefit. In addition, with respect to a beneficiary of a participant, the annuitant mortality table applies for the period beginning with each assumed commencement of benefits for the participant. If the participant has died (or to the extent the participant is assumed to die before commencing benefits), the annuitant mortality table applies with respect to the beneficiary for the period beginning with each assumed commencement of benefits for the beneficiary.

(ii) Examples of calculation using separate annuitant and nonannuitant tables. With respect to a 45-year-old active participant who is projected to commence receiving an annuity at age 55, the funding target is determined using the nonannuitant mortality table for the period before the participant attains age 55 (so that, if the static mortality tables are used pursuant to paragraph (a)(3) of this section, the probability of an active male participant living from age 45 to age 55 using the table that applies for a valuation date in 2018 is 0.988857) and using the annuitant mortality table for the period ages 55 and above. Similarly, for a 45-year-old terminated vested participant who is projected to commence an annuity at age 65, the funding target is determined using the nonannuitant mortality table for the period before the participant attains age 65 and using the annuitant mortality table for ages 65 and above.

(2) Small plan tables. If static mortality tables are used pursuant to paragraph (a)(3) of this section, as an alternative to the separate static tables specified for annuitants and nonannuitants pursuant to paragraph (b)(1) of this section, combined static tables that apply the same mortality rates to both annuitants and nonannuitants are permitted to be used for a small plan. For this purpose, a small plan is defined as a plan with 500 or fewer total participants (including both active and inactive participants and beneficiaries of deceased participants) on the valuation date. The combined static tables that are permitted to be used for small plans pursuant to this paragraph (b)(2) are constructed from the separate nonannuitant and annuitant static mortality tables using the weighting factors for small plans that are set forth in paragraph (d) of this section. The weighting factors are applied to develop these combined static tables using the following equation: Combined mortality rate = [nonannuitant rate * (1 − weighting factor)] + [annuitant rate * weighting factor].

(1) Source of rates. The static mortality tables that are used pursuant to paragraph (a)(3) of this section are determined using the base mortality tables described in paragraph (a)(2)(i)(B) of this section taking into account the mortality improvement rates described in paragraph (a)(2)(i)(C) of this section, in accordance with the rules of paragraph (c)(3) of this section.

(2) Selection of static tables. The static mortality tables that are used for a valuation date are the static mortality tables for the calendar year that contains the valuation date.

(3) Projection of mortality improvements

(i) General rule. Except as provided in paragraph (c)(3)(iii) of this section, the static mortality tables for a calendar year are determined by multiplying the applicable mortality rate for each age from the base mortality tables by both—

(A) The cumulative mortality improvement factor (determined under the rules of paragraph (a)(2) of this section) for the period from 2006 through that calendar year; and

(B) The cumulative mortality improvement factor (determined under the rules of paragraph (a)(2) of this section) for the period beginning in that calendar year and continuing beyond that calendar year for the number of years in the projection period described in paragraph (c)(3)(ii) of this section.

(ii) Projection period for static mortality tables

(A) In general. The projection period is 8 years for males and 9 years for females, as adjusted based on age as provided in paragraph (c)(3)(ii)(B) of this section.

(B) Age adjustment. For ages below 80, the projection period is increased by 1 year for each year below age 80. For ages above 80, the projection period is reduced (but not below zero) by _1/3 year for each year above 80.

(iii) Fractional projection periods. If for an age the number of years in the projection period determined under this paragraph (c)(3) is not a whole number, then the mortality rate for that age is determined by using linear interpolation between—

(A) The mortality rate for that age that would be determined under paragraph (c)(3)(i) of this section if the number of years in the projection period were the next lower whole number; and

(B) The mortality rate for that age that would be determined under paragraph (c)(3)(i) of this section if the number of years in the projection period were the next higher whole number.

(iv) Example. The following example illustrates how the mortality rates in the static mortality tables issued under the provisions of this paragraph (c) are calculated:

Example.
At age 85, the projection period for a male is 6 _1/3 years (8 years minus _1/3 year for each of the 5 years above age 80). For a valuation date in 2018, the mortality rate in the static mortality table for an 85-year-old male is based on a projection of mortality improvement for 6 _1/3 years beyond 2018. Under paragraph (c)(3)(iii) of this section, the mortality rate for an 85-year-old male annuitant in the static mortality table for 2018 is _2/3 times the projected mortality rate for a male annuitant that age in 2024 plus _1/3 times the projected mortality rate for a male annuitant that age in 2025. Accordingly, the mortality rate for an 85-year-old male annuitant in the static mortality table for 2018 is 0.075196 ( _2/3 times the projected mortality rate for an 85-year old male annuitant in 2024 (0.075447) plus _1/3 times the projected mortality rate for an 85-year old male annuitant in 2025 (0.074693)).

(d) Base mortality tables. The following are the base mortality tables. The base year for these tables is 2006.

Age	Males			Females
Age	Non-annuitant	Annuitant	Weighting factor for small plans	Non-annuitant	Annuitant	Weighting factor for small plans
0	0.008878	0.008878	0	0.007278	0.007278	0
1	0.000515	0.000515	0	0.000451	0.000451	0
2	0.000348	0.000348	0	0.000295	0.000295	0
3	0.000289	0.000289	0	0.000220	0.000220	0
4	0.000225	0.000225	0	0.000165	0.000165	0
5	0.000197	0.000197	0	0.000149	0.000149	0
6	0.000177	0.000177	0	0.000137	0.000137	0
7	0.000156	0.000156	0	0.000127	0.000127	0
8	0.000132	0.000132	0	0.000117	0.000117	0
9	0.000107	0.000107	0	0.000109	0.000109	0
10	0.000090	0.000090	0	0.000102	0.000102	0
11	0.000095	0.000095	0	0.000105	0.000105	0
12	0.000142	0.000142	0	0.000121	0.000121	0
13	0.000187	0.000187	0	0.000137	0.000137	0
14	0.000230	0.000230	0	0.000151	0.000151	0
15	0.000274	0.000274	0	0.000165	0.000165	0
16	0.000318	0.000318	0	0.000177	0.000177	0
17	0.000364	0.000364	0	0.000187	0.000187	0
18	0.000412	0.000412	0	0.000196	0.000196	0
19	0.000463	0.000463	0	0.000202	0.000202	0
20	0.000510	0.000510	0	0.000202	0.000202	0
21	0.000552	0.000552	0	0.000197	0.000197	0
22	0.000587	0.000587	0	0.000191	0.000191	0
23	0.000599	0.000599	0	0.000190	0.000190	0
24	0.000594	0.000594	0	0.000188	0.000188	0
25	0.000545	0.000545	0	0.000186	0.000186	0
26	0.000510	0.000510	0	0.000186	0.000186	0
27	0.000486	0.000486	0	0.000188	0.000188	0
28	0.000472	0.000472	0	0.000192	0.000192	0
29	0.000468	0.000468	0	0.000198	0.000198	0
30	0.000470	0.000470	0	0.000209	0.000209	0
31	0.000480	0.000480	0	0.000222	0.000222	0
32	0.000495	0.000495	0	0.000238	0.000238	0
33	0.000514	0.000514	0	0.000257	0.000257	0
34	0.000534	0.000534	0	0.000278	0.000278	0
35	0.000557	0.000557	0	0.000301	0.000301	0
36	0.000581	0.000581	0	0.000325	0.000325	0
37	0.000611	0.000611	0	0.000355	0.000355	0
38	0.000648	0.000648	0	0.000389	0.000389	0
39	0.000694	0.000694	0	0.000428	0.000428	0
40	0.000750	0.000750	0	0.000471	0.000471	0
41	0.000814	0.000823	.0045	0.000518	0.000515	0
42	0.000890	0.000969	.0091	0.000570	0.000603	0
43	0.000982	0.001188	.0136	0.000628	0.000735	0
44	0.001088	0.001480	.0181	0.000691	0.000911	0
45	0.001207	0.001846	.0226	0.000758	0.001131	.0084
46	0.001342	0.002285	.0272	0.000831	0.001395	.0167
47	0.001487	0.002797	.0317	0.000908	0.001703	.0251
48	0.001643	0.003382	.0362	0.000986	0.002055	.0335
49	0.001807	0.004040	.0407	0.001065	0.002451	.0419
50	0.001979	0.004771	.0453	0.001151	0.002891	.0502
51	0.002159	0.005059	.0498	0.001242	0.002993	.0586
52	0.002351	0.005343	.0686	0.001344	0.003124	.0744
53	0.002539	0.005592	.0953	0.001458	0.003291	.0947
54	0.002741	0.005839	.1288	0.001588	0.003499	.1189
55	0.002967	0.006102	.2066	0.001735	0.003755	.1897
56	0.003231	0.006399	.3173	0.001902	0.004065	.2857
57	0.003548	0.006746	.3780	0.002091	0.004435	.3403
58	0.003932	0.007155	.4401	0.002302	0.004869	.3878
59	0.004396	0.007639	.4986	0.002537	0.005373	.4360
60	0.004954	0.008211	.5633	0.002795	0.005942	.4954
61	0.005616	0.008878	.6338	0.003080	0.006581	.5805
62	0.006392	0.009646	.7103	0.003388	0.007283	.6598
63	0.007291	0.010523	.7902	0.003724	0.008043	.7520
64	0.008320	0.011514	.8355	0.004089	0.008870	.8043
65	0.009486	0.012621	.8832	0.004482	0.009760	.8552
66	0.010668	0.013855	.9321	0.005004	0.010731	.9118
67	0.011973	0.015221	.9510	0.005575	0.011790	.9367
68	0.013414	0.016736	.9639	0.006205	0.012952	.9523
69	0.015006	0.018421	.9714	0.006898	0.014226	.9627
70	0.016761	0.020288	.9740	0.007662	0.015628	.9661
71	0.018690	0.022348	.9766	0.008507	0.017170	.9695
72	0.020824	0.024638	.9792	0.009438	0.018861	.9729
73	0.023176	0.027176	.9818	0.010470	0.020723	.9763
74	0.025770	0.029992	.9844	0.011615	0.022780	.9797
75	0.028623	0.033113	.9870	0.012887	0.025057	.9830
76	0.031761	0.036585	.9896	0.014301	0.027590	.9864
77	0.035214	0.040457	.9922	0.015885	0.030438	.9898
78	0.039007	0.044778	.9948	0.017656	0.033653	.9932
79	0.043169	0.049605	.9974	0.019639	0.037296	.9966
80	0.047750	0.055022	1.0	0.021859	0.041440	1.0
81	0.049804	0.061087	1.0	0.023791	0.046181	1.0
82	0.053911	0.067902	1.0	0.027655	0.051564	1.0
83	0.060072	0.075550	1.0	0.033451	0.057714	1.0
84	0.068286	0.084162	1.0	0.041179	0.064709	1.0
85	0.078554	0.093775	1.0	0.050838	0.072601	1.0
86	0.090876	0.104507	1.0	0.062429	0.081490	1.0
87	0.105251	0.116487	1.0	0.075952	0.091444	1.0
88	0.121680	0.129770	1.0	0.091407	0.102470	1.0
89	0.140162	0.144470	1.0	0.108794	0.114635	1.0
90	0.160698	0.160698	1.0	0.128113	0.128113	1.0
91	0.177741	0.177741	1.0	0.142619	0.142619	1.0
92	0.195154	0.195154	1.0	0.157939	0.157939	1.0
93	0.212642	0.212642	1.0	0.173886	0.173886	1.0
94	0.230055	0.230055	1.0	0.190319	0.190319	1.0
95	0.247257	0.247257	1.0	0.207191	0.207191	1.0
96	0.265940	0.265940	1.0	0.225057	0.225057	1.0
97	0.284940	0.284940	1.0	0.243507	0.243507	1.0
98	0.304432	0.304432	1.0	0.262587	0.262587	1.0
99	0.324272	0.324272	1.0	0.282171	0.282171	1.0
100	0.344364	0.344364	1.0	0.302162	0.302162	1.0
101	0.364420	0.364420	1.0	0.322282	0.322282	1.0
102	0.384058	0.384058	1.0	0.342371	0.342371	1.0
103	0.403188	0.403188	1.0	0.362210	0.362210	1.0
104	0.421533	0.421533	1.0	0.381534	0.381534	1.0
105	0.438903	0.438903	1.0	0.400321	0.400321	1.0
106	0.455492	0.455492	1.0	0.418418	0.418418	1.0
107	0.470810	0.470810	1.0	0.435390	0.435390	1.0
108	0.484965	0.484965	1.0	0.451459	0.451459	1.0
109	0.498023	0.498023	1.0	0.466408	0.466408	1.0
110	0.509768	0.509768	1.0	0.480123	0.480123	1.0
111	0.512472	0.512472	1.0	0.492664	0.492664	1.0
112	0.509296	0.509296	1.0	0.503970	0.503970	1.0
113	0.506193	0.506193	1.0	0.507361	0.507361	1.0
114	0.503061	0.503061	1.0	0.503564	0.503564	1.0
115	0.500000	0.500000	1.0	0.500000	0.500000	1.0
116	0.500000	0.500000	1.0	0.500000	0.500000	1.0
117	0.500000	0.500000	1.0	0.500000	0.500000	1.0
118	0.500000	0.500000	1.0	0.500000	0.500000	1.0
119	0.500000	0.500000	1.0	0.500000	0.500000	1.0
120	1.000000	1.000000	1.0	1.000000	1.000000	1.0

(e) Static tables for 2018. The following static mortality tables are used pursuant to paragraph (a)(3) of this section for determining present value or making any computation under section 430 with respect to valuation dates occurring during 2018.

Age	Males			Females
Age	Non-annuitant	Annuitant	Optional combined table for small plans	Non-annuitant	Annuitant	Optional combined table for small plans
0	0.002420	0.002420	0.002420	0.002234	0.002234	0.002234
1	0.000142	0.000142	0.000142	0.000140	0.000140	0.000140
2	0.000097	0.000097	0.000097	0.000092	0.000092	0.000092
3	0.000081	0.000081	0.000081	0.000070	0.000070	0.000070
4	0.000064	0.000064	0.000064	0.000053	0.000053	0.000053
5	0.000056	0.000056	0.000056	0.000048	0.000048	0.000048
6	0.000051	0.000051	0.000051	0.000045	0.000045	0.000045
7	0.000046	0.000046	0.000046	0.000042	0.000042	0.000042
8	0.000039	0.000039	0.000039	0.000039	0.000039	0.000039
9	0.000032	0.000032	0.000032	0.000037	0.000037	0.000037
10	0.000027	0.000027	0.000027	0.000035	0.000035	0.000035
11	0.000029	0.000029	0.000029	0.000036	0.000036	0.000036
12	0.000044	0.000044	0.000044	0.000042	0.000042	0.000042
13	0.000058	0.000058	0.000058	0.000048	0.000048	0.000048
14	0.000072	0.000072	0.000072	0.000053	0.000053	0.000053
15	0.000087	0.000087	0.000087	0.000059	0.000059	0.000059
16	0.000102	0.000102	0.000102	0.000064	0.000064	0.000064
17	0.000118	0.000118	0.000118	0.000068	0.000068	0.000068
18	0.000135	0.000135	0.000135	0.000072	0.000072	0.000072
19	0.000153	0.000153	0.000153	0.000075	0.000075	0.000075
20	0.000170	0.000170	0.000170	0.000076	0.000076	0.000076
21	0.000192	0.000192	0.000192	0.000078	0.000078	0.000078
22	0.000214	0.000214	0.000214	0.000080	0.000080	0.000080
23	0.000229	0.000229	0.000229	0.000084	0.000084	0.000084
24	0.000238	0.000238	0.000238	0.000087	0.000087	0.000087
25	0.000230	0.000230	0.000230	0.000090	0.000090	0.000090
26	0.000226	0.000226	0.000226	0.000094	0.000094	0.000094
27	0.000226	0.000226	0.000226	0.000099	0.000099	0.000099
28	0.000230	0.000230	0.000230	0.000105	0.000105	0.000105
29	0.000238	0.000238	0.000238	0.000111	0.000111	0.000111
30	0.000249	0.000249	0.000249	0.000120	0.000120	0.000120
31	0.000263	0.000263	0.000263	0.000130	0.000130	0.000130
32	0.000278	0.000278	0.000278	0.000142	0.000142	0.000142
33	0.000294	0.000294	0.000294	0.000155	0.000155	0.000155
34	0.000309	0.000309	0.000309	0.000168	0.000168	0.000168
35	0.000323	0.000323	0.000323	0.000182	0.000182	0.000182
36	0.000336	0.000336	0.000336	0.000196	0.000196	0.000196
37	0.000350	0.000350	0.000350	0.000213	0.000213	0.000213
38	0.000366	0.000366	0.000366	0.000231	0.000231	0.000231
39	0.000385	0.000385	0.000385	0.000251	0.000251	0.000251
40	0.000410	0.000410	0.000410	0.000273	0.000273	0.000273
41	0.000438	0.000443	0.000438	0.000298	0.000296	0.000298
42	0.000474	0.000516	0.000474	0.000326	0.000344	0.000326
43	0.000518	0.000627	0.000519	0.000358	0.000419	0.000358
44	0.000573	0.000779	0.000577	0.000395	0.000520	0.000395
45	0.000636	0.000973	0.000644	0.000436	0.000651	0.000438
46	0.000712	0.001213	0.000726	0.000484	0.000813	0.000489
47	0.000798	0.001502	0.000820	0.000538	0.001010	0.000550
48	0.000896	0.001844	0.000930	0.000597	0.001245	0.000619
49	0.001005	0.002248	0.001056	0.000661	0.001522	0.000697
50	0.001128	0.002719	0.001200	0.000734	0.001844	0.000790
51	0.001265	0.002963	0.001350	0.000814	0.001961	0.000881
52	0.001418	0.003224	0.001542	0.000903	0.002099	0.000992
53	0.001580	0.003481	0.001761	0.001003	0.002263	0.001122
54	0.001761	0.003751	0.002017	0.001114	0.002454	0.001273
55	0.001964	0.004040	0.002393	0.001235	0.002673	0.001508
56	0.002200	0.004357	0.002884	0.001367	0.002921	0.001811
57	0.002474	0.004704	0.003317	0.001509	0.003200	0.002084
58	0.002796	0.005088	0.003805	0.001661	0.003512	0.002379
59	0.003174	0.005515	0.004341	0.001823	0.003860	0.002711
60	0.003613	0.005989	0.004951	0.001994	0.004238	0.003106
61	0.004122	0.006516	0.005639	0.002181	0.004659	0.003619
62	0.004705	0.007100	0.006406	0.002381	0.005119	0.004188
63	0.005364	0.007742	0.007243	0.002600	0.005616	0.004868
64	0.006111	0.008457	0.008071	0.002842	0.006165	0.005515
65	0.006940	0.009234	0.008966	0.003107	0.006766	0.006236
66	0.007779	0.010103	0.009945	0.003465	0.007430	0.007080
67	0.008697	0.011056	0.010940	0.003863	0.008170	0.007897
68	0.009709	0.012114	0.012027	0.004308	0.008993	0.008770
69	0.010836	0.013302	0.013231	0.004806	0.009912	0.009722
70	0.012093	0.014637	0.014571	0.005366	0.010945	0.010756
71	0.013486	0.016126	0.016064	0.006001	0.012111	0.011925
72	0.015044	0.017799	0.017742	0.006711	0.013412	0.013230
73	0.016794	0.019693	0.019640	0.007521	0.014886	0.014711
74	0.018751	0.021823	0.021775	0.008439	0.016552	0.016387
75	0.020950	0.024237	0.024194	0.009485	0.018443	0.018291
76	0.023428	0.026986	0.026949	0.010678	0.020600	0.020465
77	0.026183	0.030081	0.030051	0.012035	0.023061	0.022949
78	0.029308	0.033645	0.033622	0.013582	0.025888	0.025804
79	0.032774	0.037661	0.037648	0.015347	0.029144	0.029097
80	0.036705	0.042295	0.042295	0.017347	0.032886	0.032886
81	0.038556	0.047291	0.047291	0.019058	0.036992	0.036992
82	0.042087	0.053009	0.053009	0.022345	0.041662	0.041662
83	0.047283	0.059466	0.059466	0.027251	0.047017	0.047017
84	0.054248	0.066860	0.066860	0.033811	0.053130	0.053130
85	0.062990	0.075196	0.075196	0.042053	0.060056	0.060056
86	0.073605	0.084646	0.084646	0.052009	0.067888	0.067888
87	0.086115	0.095308	0.095308	0.063725	0.076724	0.076724
88	0.100513	0.107196	0.107196	0.077205	0.086549	0.086549
89	0.116840	0.120431	0.120431	0.092462	0.097426	0.097426
90	0.135087	0.135087	0.135087	0.109484	0.109484	0.109484
91	0.150610	0.150610	0.150610	0.122541	0.122541	0.122541
92	0.166534	0.166534	0.166534	0.136397	0.136397	0.136397
93	0.182546	0.182546	0.182546	0.150811	0.150811	0.150811
94	0.198598	0.198598	0.198598	0.165818	0.165818	0.165818
95	0.214442	0.214442	0.214442	0.181360	0.181360	0.181360
96	0.232944	0.232944	0.232944	0.198746	0.198746	0.198746
97	0.251903	0.251903	0.251903	0.216930	0.216930	0.216930
98	0.271612	0.271612	0.271612	0.235921	0.235921	0.235921
99	0.291889	0.291889	0.291889	0.255617	0.255617	0.255617
100	0.312680	0.312680	0.312680	0.275938	0.275938	0.275938
101	0.333720	0.333720	0.333720	0.296628	0.296628	0.296628
102	0.354570	0.354570	0.354570	0.317471	0.317471	0.317471
103	0.375136	0.375136	0.375136	0.338385	0.338385	0.338385
104	0.395172	0.395172	0.395172	0.358868	0.358868	0.358868
105	0.413945	0.413945	0.413945	0.379183	0.379183	0.379183
106	0.432145	0.432145	0.432145	0.398878	0.398878	0.398878
107	0.449197	0.449197	0.449197	0.417703	0.417703	0.417703
108	0.465497	0.465497	0.465497	0.435384	0.435384	0.435384
109	0.480869	0.480869	0.480869	0.452108	0.452108	0.452108
110	0.495080	0.495080	0.495080	0.467928	0.467928	0.467928
111	0.500557	0.500557	0.500557	0.482562	0.482562	0.482562
112	0.500454	0.500454	0.500454	0.496164	0.496164	0.496164
113	0.500352	0.500352	0.500352	0.502110	0.502110	0.502110
114	0.500201	0.500201	0.500201	0.500952	0.500952	0.500952
115	0.500000	0.500000	0.500000	0.500000	0.500000	0.500000
116	0.500000	0.500000	0.500000	0.500000	0.500000	0.500000
117	0.500000	0.500000	0.500000	0.500000	0.500000	0.500000
118	0.500000	0.500000	0.500000	0.500000	0.500000	0.500000
119	0.500000	0.500000	0.500000	0.500000	0.500000	0.500000
120	1.000000	1.000000	1.000000	1.000000	1.000000	1.000000

(f) Effective/applicability date

(1) In general. Except as provided in paragraph (f)(2) of this section, this section applies to plan years beginning or after January 1, 2018.

(2) Option to apply prior regulations in certain circumstances. For a plan for which substitute mortality tables are not used pursuant to § 1.430(h)(3)-2 for a plan year beginning during 2018, mortality tables determined in accordance with § 1.430(h)(3)-1 as in effect on December 31, 2017 (as contained in 26 CFR part 1 revised April 1, 2017) may be used for purposes of applying the rules of section 430 for a valuation date occurring during 2018 if the plan sponsor—

(i) Concludes that the use of mortality tables determined in accordance with this section for the plan year would be administratively impracticable or would result in an adverse business impact that is greater than de minimis; and

(ii) Informs the actuary of the intent to apply the option under this paragraph (f)(2).

Source credit, amendments & notes

[T.D. 9826, 82 FR 46398, Oct. 5, 2017]

Treas. Reg. § 1.430(h)(3)-1 — Mortality tables used to determine present value. · eCFR editorial change effective 2017-10-05 · https://pensionresource.website/EAMain?content=EAMain.Law&id=cfr26-1.430%28h%29%283%29-1&asof=2017-10-05 · printed Oct 16, 2026

Implements

I.R.C. § 430 Minimum funding standards for single-employer defined benefit pension plans

Cited by (code & regs)

Treas. Reg. § 1.430(h)(3)-2 Plan-specific substitute mortality tables used to…
Treas. Reg. § 1.433(h)(3)-1 Mortality tables used to determine current liabil…
Treas. Reg. § 1.430(d)-1 Determination of target normal cost and funding t…
Treas. Reg. § 1.431(c)(6)-1 Mortality tables used to determine current liabil…

Guidance addressing this section

IRS / Treasury

Revenue Procedures

Rev. Proc. 2024-32Modified Aug 19, 2024 — This revenue procedure updates the procedures in Rev. Proc. 2017-55 to set forth the procedure by which the sponsor of a defined benefit plan that is subject t… (d)
Modified by Rev. Proc. 2025-21

Final Rules

89 FR 61343 Jul 31, 2024 — Plan-Specific Substitute Mortality Tables for Determining Present Value (b)(1)(iii)(b)(2)(ii)(d)
88 FR 72357 Oct 20, 2023 — Mortality Tables for Determining Present Value Under Defined Benefit Pension Plans (a)(1)(a)(2)(i)(a)(2)(i)(C)(a)(2)(i)(E)(b)(b)(1)(iii)
82 FR 46388 Oct 5, 2017 — Mortality Tables for Determining Present Value Under Defined Benefit Pension Plans (a)(a)(1)(a)(2)(a)(2)(i)(C)(a)(2)(i)(E)(a)(3)

Treasury Decisions

T.D. 9983 Nov 13, 2023 — These regulations prescribe mortality tables to be used for most defined benefit pension plans. The tables specify the probability of survival year-by-year for…

Proposed Rules

88 FR 72409Proposed Oct 20, 2023 — Plan-Specific Substitute Mortality Tables for Determining Present Value (b)(1)(iii)(b)(2)(ii)(d)
87 FR 25161Proposed Apr 28, 2022 — Mortality Tables for Determining Present Value Under Defined Benefit Pension Plans Comments due Jun 9, 2022 (a)(a)(1)(a)(2)(i)(b)(b)(1)(iii)(c)
81 FR 95911Proposed Dec 29, 2016 — Mortality Tables for Determining Present Value Under Defined Benefit Pension Plans (a)(a)(1)(a)(2)(a)(2)(i)(C)(a)(2)(i)(E)(a)(3)

Also cited in 20 other documents

IRS / Treasury

Proposed Rules

91 FR 53803Proposed Aug 20, 2026 — Determination of Target Normal Cost and Funding Target for Single-Employer Defined Benefit Plans (a)(4)(b)
77 FR 5454Proposed Feb 3, 2012 — Modifications to Minimum Present Value Requirements for Partial Annuity Distribution Options Under Defined Benefit Pension Plans Comments due May 3, 2012 (c)(3)
REG-139236-07Proposed Mar 3, 2008 — Proposed regulations under section 430 of the Code provide guidance on the valuation of plan assets and the determination of benefit liabilities for purposes o… (a)(4)
REG-113891-07Proposed Oct 15, 2007 — Part IV. Items of General Interest
REG-143601-06Proposed Jun 11, 2007 — Proposed regulations under section 430 of the Code provide generally applicable mortality tables to be used in determining present value or making any computat… (a)(1)(a)(2)(a)(3)(a)(4)(d)

Notices

Notice 2026-27 May 18, 2026 — This notice specifies updated static mortality tables to be used for defined benefit pension plans under § 430(h)(3)(A) of the Code and section 303(h)(3)(A) of… (a)(1)(a)(2)(b)(1)(iv)(A)(c)(c)(1)(iv)(d)
Notice 2025-40 Jul 28, 2025 — This notice specifies updated static mortality tables to be used for defined benefit pension plans under § 430(h)(3)(A) of the Code and section 303(h)(3)(A) of… (a)(1)(a)(2)(b)(1)(iv)(A)(c)(c)(1)(iv)(d)
Notice 2024-42 Jun 17, 2024 — This notice specifies updated static mortality tables to be used for defined benefit pension plans under § 430(h)(3)(A) of the Code and section 303(h)(3)(A) of… (a)(1)(a)(2)(b)(1)(iii)(A)(b)(1)(iv)(A)(c)(c)(1)(iv)
Notice 2023-73 Nov 6, 2023 — Mortality Table for Use in Determining Minimum Present Value for 2024 (a)(b)(c)(e)
Notice 2022-22 May 16, 2022 — Updated Mortality Improvement Rates and Static Mortality Tables for Defined Benefit Pension Plans for 2023 (a)(a)(2)(a)(2)(i)(C)(c)(d)
Notice 2020-85 Dec 14, 2020 — Updated Mortality Improvement Rates and Static Mortality Tables for Defined Benefit Pension Plans for 2022 (a)(a)(2)(a)(2)(i)(C)(c)(d)
Notice 2013-49 Aug 5, 2013 — This notice provides updated static mortality tables to be used by defined benefit pension plans for purposes of satisfying certain funding and benefit require… (a)(2)(c)(3)
Notice 2008-85 Oct 20, 2008 — This notice provides updated static mortality tables to be used in applying the minimum funding requirements to single employer defined benefit pension plans t… (a)(2)(c)(3)
Notice 2008-21 Feb 19, 2008 — Funding; effective date; proposed regulations under sections 430 and 436. This notice alerts taxpayers of a uniform effective date of certain proposed regulati…

Revenue Procedures

Rev. Proc. 2025-21 May 27, 2025 — Section 12.02 of Rev. Proc. 2024-32 specifies that, in conjunction with the replacement of the generally applicable mortality tables, certain plan sponsors tha…
Rev. Proc. 2008-62 Oct 20, 2008 — This document sets forth the procedure by which the sponsor of a defined benefit plan, other than a multiemployer plan, may request and obtain approval for the…
Rev. Proc. 2007-37 Jun 18, 2007 — Funding; substitute mortality tables; non-multiemployer defined benefit plans. This procedure provides guidelines for requesting letter rulings for substitute …

Treasury Decisions

T.D. 10005 Aug 19, 2024 — These regulations update the requirements that a plan sponsor of a single-employer defined benefit plan must meet to obtain IRS approval to use mortality table… (b)(1)(iii)(b)(2)(ii)(d)

Department of Labor (EBSA)

Proposed Rules

81 FR 47534Proposed Jul 21, 2016 — Proposed Revision of Annual Information Return/Reports Comments due Oct 4, 2016
78 FR 26727Proposed May 8, 2013 — Pension Benefit Statements Comments due Jul 8, 2013 (c)

No court rulings in the library cite this provision yet.

Private Letter Rulings (5)

Also cite this provision (5)

PLR 202306015 Feb 10, 2023 — Minimum funding standards for single-employer defined benefit pension plans UIL 430.00-00 (a)(3)
PLR 202306016 Feb 10, 2023 — Minimum funding standards for single-employer defined benefit pension plans UIL 430.00-00 (a)(3)
PLR 202250014 Dec 16, 2022 — Minimum funding standards for single-employer defined benefit pension plans UIL 430.00-00
PLR 202250017 Dec 16, 2022 — Minimum funding standards for single-employer defined benefit pension plans UIL 430.00-00
PLR 202249023 Dec 9, 2022 — Minimum funding standards for single-employer defined benefit pension plans UIL 430.00-00 (a)(3) (d)

Each row is a version of the text as published by the official source. Code dates are the edition/release point that first reflected the change; regulation dates are eCFR effective dates. The library checks the official sources automatically, so new versions appear here on their own; “run” opens the sync that recorded a version.

Effective	Through	Source	Amended by
Sep 9, 2016	Oct 4, 2017	eCFR amendment effective 2016-09-09 run 26	T.D. 9419, 73 FR 44639, July 31, 2008	View
Oct 5, 2017	Oct 19, 2023	eCFR editorial change effective 2017-10-05 run 26	T.D. 9826, 82 FR 46398, Oct. 5, 2017	View · Redline (sign in)
Oct 20, 2023	current	eCFR editorial change effective 2023-10-20 run 2	T.D. 9983, 88 FR 72361, Oct. 20, 2023	View · Redline (sign in)

Provision-level history (blame)